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<text>When Henry Hudson sailed into New York harbor in 1609, he sailed in a ship called "The Half Moon." This journey resulted in the purchase of Manhattan for the sum of $24.00 worth of beads and trinkets. Even a score of years later, Hudson's discovery didn't seem valuable to those in the Old World. Today the growth of that small purchase could launch a billion voyages of the Half Moon. Near the Half Moon's landing site, a New York company, Grumman, built a vehicle to take men to the Moon 360 years later. And no doubt one day the apparent worthless and void lunar real estate will experience growth in value similar to that of Manhattan. And our Old World of the 1990s will appear as ridiculous and short-sighted as those forecasters of the 17th century. It is difficult to place a price on the value of exploration whether terrestrial or extra-terrestrial. </text>
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<text> (continued from previous card) "Of course, Texas has always had its share of pioneers and visionaries. One was Sam Houston. Where others saw empty plains and dust, he saw farms, ranches, and towns. Where others saw obstacles, he saw opportunity. But Houston could scarcely have imagined that, little more than a hundred years after his death, the entire planet would hold its breath as his name became the first word ever uttered on the dusty plains of another world. It was July 20, 1969. And although Apollo 11 had just survived one of the most harrowing landings in the history of space, the voice of Neil Armstrong was confident, strong, American. He said: "Houston: Tranquility Base here. The Eagle has landed." Eight words. And the world was changed forever."* (*Speech by President Bush , May 11, 1990) </text>
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<text>The quest for adequate NASA funding is much like the challenge facedby Texans at the Alamo. Volunteers from other states allied in a heart-felt battle, but reenforcements failed to come in time to savethe 187 valiant warriors. Space Advocates of past NASA triumphs arecalling for reenforcements to join the quest, to seek adequate funds to again make us a Space-faring nation. By organizing a volunteer space militia composed of supporters from all our states, we can return our ships to the Moon, construct lunar outposts and bases, and send people from planet earth on to Mars. (continued on next card)</text>
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<text>"OIL! OIL! My God, Bob, we got an oil well." With these words FrankChesley awakened his partner, Robert Galbreath, at the foot of theiroil rig some 15 miles south of Tulsa on November 22, 1905. Theirdiscovery made Tulsa the "Oil Capital of the World." This same Oklahoma spirit of exploration drew space companies like McDonnell Douglas and Rockwell International to Oklahoma and Tulsa to play a role in pioneering technology for the Apollo flights to the Moon. In fact, parts for the Apollo craft plant as well as the cargo bay doors for the Space Shuttle were built by Rockwell's Tulsa. Modern Oklahomans can proudly say, "The Moon! The Moon! We put men on the Moon!" </text>
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<text>In 1869, a century prior to man's first lunar landing, a group of adventurers led by a one-armed ex-Union soldier conquered the Colorado River and its unmapped canyons. In a small flotilla of four boats the party led by John Wesley Powell became a part of our nation's heritage by journeying the treacherous waters of the Grand Canyon. This spirit of exploration ignored dangers of rapids and Indians. Three of the party died at the hands of Indians. As Powell wrote, "What falls there are, we know not...what rocks beset the channel...what walls rise over the river, we know not." As our nation faces the challenge of manned space exploration, that same spirit of exploration and adventure is still alive in Arizona. Like Powell's mission, a flotilla must be built, dangers must be faced though we know not if some may fall in the quest.** Adapted from a NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC story, May 1969, Joseph Judge, p. 668.</text>
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<text>Caravan's of prairie schooners crossed Wyoming in the mid 1800s and some of those parties, people who recognized the beauty of the land and ignored the hardships of harsh winters and militant Indians, became Wyoming's pioneers. One pioneer wrote, "Sometimes we passed the grave of one who had sickened and died on the way...a piece of plank attracted our notice...traced upon it, apparently with a red-hot piece of iron: Mary Ellis, Died May 7th, 1845, Aged two months. Such tokens were of common occurrence."* This brave spirit of adventure still remains within the hearts of people of Wyoming. Manned exploration of the Solar System offers hundreds of Wyomings for the 21st century space pioneer, foreign worlds rich with resources and scenic splendor amidst unforgiving natural surroundings; but they, too, will require people like those who crossed the prairie and died in the journey. * National Geographic,"Wyoming," David S. Boyer, April 1966, p. 572.</text>
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<text>The sequence was the pony express, the stage coach, and finally the railroad. The two companies that built the cross country railroad met at Promotory Point near Ogden, Utah. On May 10, 1969, one hundred years later, two men walked on the Moon, because Utah rockets and space hardware made it possible. Now the sequence is the Space Station, the Moon, and finally Mars. And again it will be possible because Utah will provide a technological "Promontory Point" for the venture. </text>
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<text>It is said that in this historic state of Massachusetts, "Where once the embattled farmers stood, a shot was fired heard round the world."History made in 1776 repeated itself July 20, 1969 when a shot aimed by guidance equations authored by Massachusetts citizens working at MIT Charles Stark Labs was heard not only around the world but also on the Moon. The same team which provided the amazingly accurate feat of landing men on a target 230,000 miles from earth has contributed to all the manned and unmanned guidance endeavors of our American Space Program. When we return to the Moon and land on Mars, our shots into the Solar System will be guided by technology authored and developed in Massachusetts. Where once embattled farmers stood, others will aim our spaceships for the Moon, Mars, and the cosmos. </text>
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<text> There is no more inspiring story in our nation's history than that of the Minute Men, a brave band of Massachusetts citizens who stood at Lexington and Concord the 19th of April 1775, the day they fired that shot heard round the world. And almost a hundred years later, another shot was fired, the Apollo mission to land men on the Moon. This shot too was guided by Massachusetts, descendants of the Minute Men, employees of Charles Stark Draper Laboratories at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. These modern Minute Men and Women aimed Eagle at the Moon 230,000 miles away with their computer guidance systems and software and made a "Bull's-eye" for our nation, guiding another shot heard round the world. (continued on next card)</text>
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<text>In 1859 oil was found in a place called Titusville, Pennsylvania. Near another Titusville (Florida) a rocket was launched in 1969 which struck out for a heavenly body, the Moon. Minerals found there and on other planets in the solar system will one day make the discovery of oil seem valueless. And these launches will not move from Titusville, Florida. They will continue to be launched from America's foremost spaceport, Cape Kennedy.</text>
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<text> In Enterprise, Alabama stands an unusual monument, a monument to the Boll Weevil. Were it the not for the Boll Weevil's destruction of crops, the farmer's of Enterprise would not have switched from cotton to the more profitable peanut crop.* What appeared as a curse was, indeed, a blessing. Perhaps, this was the case with WWII, an apparent curse which threatened America's and Alabama's very existence. But were it not for those German rocket scientists, led by Werner Von Braun, and the victory of the Allies, there would, perhaps, have been no Redstone Arsennal, no Marshall Space Flight Center, and even perhaps, no landing on the Moon. Alabama's people recognize their blessings and turn adversity into victory. * "Ripley's Believe It or Not," 19th Edition, Pocket Books, 1972, p. 23.</text>
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<text>In 1856, a hundred idealists formed a community in Kansas. A book written of the trials of the community speaks to the challenge of establishing communities and colonies in unfriendly environments. Writes Miriam Colt, "The Indians have gone away now...The people say we have had our hardest time here, but it does not seem so to me...We are 100 miles from a grist-mill, and 50 from a post office..."* Consider what the diary of a colonists on the Moon might read: "The supply ship has left now...We are 230,000 miles from Earth..." The same spirit which drove those Kansans to attempt a better life for their families and children will one day take us to the Moon and Mars.* A BOOK OF DAYS IN AMERICAN HISTORY, Larry Shapiro, Scribner's, New York, 1987, page for June 5th.</text>
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<text>"The Hoosiers," a movie telling the story of the 1950s Milan High School basketball team, inspired millions across America. The story which stirred so many hearts was one of victory against insurmountable odds. With a handful of students, the 1950s Milan High School defeated schools of thousands to win the crown. This desire to win is the same spirit that will put Americans back on the Moon and eventually on Mars. The challenge seems overwelming: to reach a distant planet millions of miles from Earth and land women and men, colonizing the solar system. But, like the Milan five's triumph, this visionary goal will one day be realized.</text>
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<text>On a summer evening in Hampton, Virginia, in 1987, an ll year old boy named Stevie narrowly escaped death when his body overheated. Quick thinking by a friend who sprayed him with a water hose saved his life. Stevie is among a number of children born without sweat glands. Their bodies must be cool or they become ill and can die. Because of that frightening summer incident, a wonderful use of space exploration technology resulted. A friend of Stevie's called the NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, and asked if the men who put men on the Moon had developed technology to help children like Stevie. This led to development by a California Company, LSSI, of astronaut spacesuit cooling technology into a "cool suit" for Stevie. An appeal was made to Virginians and money to buy Stevie's suit was raised. And as a result many people like Stevie are now helped by the same "cool suit."* SPINOFF 1989, NASA Publication, p. 56-63.</text>
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<text> An epitaph on a tombstone in Folsom, New Mexico reads:"In honoured memory of Sarah J. Rooke. Telephone Operator who perished in the flood waters of the Dry Cimarron at Folsom New Mexico, August 27, 1908 while at the switchboard warning others of the danger. With heroic devotion, she glorified her calling by sacrificing her own life that others might live."* Through the use of space spinoff technology, today the 911 number offers a means of saving lives by quickly alerting rescuers to a need. Warning systems developed for men landing on the Moon led the way for the 911 system.* "The Last Word," Gyles Brandreth, Sterling Publishing Co., New York, 1979, p. 140.</text>
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<text> Because of funds spent on space exploration during NASA's history, 30,000 products now exist which contribute to improving the quality of American life. Companies have been birthed and products made better and cheaper by these space "spin-offs." Though her creator once boasted that she would last longer than the pyramids of the Nile, by 1980 corrosion threatened to ruin the Statue of Liberty before the next century. A NASA-developed, corrosion resistant coating used for the Cape Kennedy launch pads gave our lady of liberty a new skin that promises to last hundreds of years. A Pennsylvania Company, Inorganic Coatings, Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania, manufactures the coating. Because of money invested in space exploration, pollution from the atmosphere and salt spray from the ocean will not blemish the complexion of the Statue. * SPINOFF 1985, NASA Publication, p. 80.</text>
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<text>Human life is precious to America. Advances in technology which extend our ability to remain healthy and live longer are assets to our nation. A Connecticut company, Perkin Elmer of Norwalk, Connecticut has applied space technology to saving lives. Perkin Elmer has developed a patient monitoring system which uses a gas analyzer developed for space exploration. The medical gas analyzer monitored astronaut's breath. The same unit is now used in hospitals to monitor as many as 16 patients simultaneously in ICUs or on operating tables to assure the anestiologist has the necessary data to keep patients alive and breathing. Hospitals not only use this NASA technology to save lives, but also to provide substantial savings by replacing earlier, gas-wasteful monitors.* SPINOFF 1983, NASA Publication, p. 85.</text>
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<text>Kentucky, with its reputation during frontier days as a land of courageous adventurers and individualists, sets an example for our space explorers of the next century. It will require the Kentucky frontier spirit of fearless abandon. Where early Kentuckians faced dangers and deprivation, space explorers will be similarly challenged by the harsh and lonesome environment of a new frontier. The same resourcefulness, the same courageousness, and the same adventuresome spirit that it took to make the trip west over the Wilderness Road to the Eden of Kentucky will be required. Perhaps of all the territories in America, the Kentucky frontier was the most isolated. We can learn from the experiences of the Kentucky pioneers about what the future might hold for those who will venture into space. Let us rise to the challenge and push not westward but upward, to future Kentuckys upon the Moon, Mars, and beyond.</text>
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<text>On May 19th, 1847, the GAZETTE, a St. Joseph, Missouri newspaper listed the necessary and essential requirements to go to Oregon. These included: a yoke of oxen, two milk cows, and cattle for beef. Excluded was furniture.* As it will be for those who will settle the Moon and Mars, only essentials could be taken, anything frivolous was left behind. This was a serious venture not to be taken lightly, a life or death threatening journey. Why no furniture? Because the report had come back, wood was plentiful in Oregon, and the frontier settlers could utilize their talents to fashion furniture, homes, tools from what the land provided. And so it is with the Moon and Mars, there are resources on the frontiers of space: oxides for oxygen, materials for homes, resourceful space explorers will employ.* "A Book of Days in American History," Larry Shapiro, Scribners, 1987, Page Dated May 19th.</text>
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<text>Space Exploration can take a lesson from early Ohio settlers. There were those who came simply to exploit, the big land companies who saw nothing more than a quick profit and those speculators who promised riches with little effort. But there were other groups, who planned, who saw Ohio as a place for families, communities, and commerce eventually. One such group was the Ohio Company. Free from greedy motives, the group received a million and a half acres from Congress for 8 cents an acre. The Ohio Company carefully planned the settlement at a place in southeastern Ohio called Marietta. A community enterprise ensued as a result of zeal, faith, and good planning. This resulted in probably doubling the pace of settlement west of the Ohio. Ventures to the Moon and Mars must be in the same context as the Ohio Company's, planned wisely in a spirit of national community, with zeal, faith and vision.** "From Sea to Shining Sea," Marshall/Maneul, Revell, 1988, p. 34.</text>
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<text>It was a Rhode Islander by the name of Samuel Slater who brought the spinning machine technology to America in 1790. Slater memorized the British technology and built a cotton water-powered mill at Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Not allowed to copy plans, Samuel Slater used his mind to remember and innovate his version of British technology. He ignored the barriers in seeing his vision of a vigorous textile industry for America come to pass. Such dedication and resourcesfulness is essential to extending our national frontier into the heavens. When we send men to establish colonies on the Moon and Mars, we do better than sending robots, for we send resourcefulness, inventiveness, and vision for the future which no machine can replicate on Earth, the Moon, or on Mars.Sending a man is worth more than a thousand libraries, a trillion bytes of data, man can recreate, from within, Earth's technologies.</text>
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<text> (continued from previous card) And like an infectious disease, it contaminated the hearts and minds of men of valor, as heros of our history provided the foundation for future Americans in space. (Suggested by an article which appeared in TIME, "The Crew, Men Apart," July 18, 1969, p. 29.)</text>
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<text> Among Michigan's favorite sons is aviator Charles Lindbergh. The reception given the Apollo 11 crew when they returned from man's first walk on the Moon was no greater than Michigander Charles Lindberg's welcome back from his nonstop air venture across the Atlantic Ocean, another technological first which displayed the fabric of human courage.Few know that Lindbergh played a role in making Neil Armstrong's journey possible. In the 1920s, Charles Lindbergh was introduced to America's rocket pioneer, Robert Goddard. Lindbergh was instrumental in obtaining a $50,000 Guggenheim grant for Goddard, which allowed Goddard to move to New Mexico where he laid the foundation for rockets which one day would take men to the Moon. A driving motivation of our space program is a spirit of exploration, courage, and adventure. This spirit drove American explorers West, moti- vated treks to our Earth's poles, and took men to the moon. (next card)Americans in space. In the 1920s Charles Lindbergh was introduced to America's rocket pioneer, Robert Goddard. Lindbergh was instrumental in obtaining a $50,000 Guggenheim grant for Goddard which allowed Goddard to move to New Mexico where he laid the foundation for rockets which one day would take men to the Moon. ( Jerry Woodfill suggested by (Ibid. "The Crew, Men Apart", p. 29)</text>
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<text>"Success, Four Flights Thursday Morning...Longest 57 Seconds," read the telegram from Kitty Hawk, North Carolina in December of 1910.* And from a small town in North Carolina began the journey which landed men on the Moon in less than three score years. Though some see Kitty Hawk as the birthplace of the air age, what was launched in this state was as historic to space flight as Cape Kennedy, Houston, or Los Angeles.* Larry Shapiro, "A Book of Days in American History," Scribner's, New York, 1987, page for day December 17. </text>
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<text>It was Henry Hudson, sailing under the Dutch flag who is given credit for Delaware's discovery in 1609. When the maturity of the technologies of the eras are compared, Hudson's ventures across the vast ocean could be likened to space voyages. And Delaware has been a leader in technology development since the time of 1638 when Swedish immigrants arrived at Wilmington, Delaware (then Fort Christina). These settlers brought the technology to build the log cabin to America. This permitted the use of natural resources in a special way which would permit people to survive the harsh winters. Then in 1802, the du Pont's founded a gun powder factory in Delaware, which led to a chemical industry and technology which brought forth by-products responsible for man's landing on the Moon. Delaware is not only known as "The First State in the Union," being first to ratify the constitution in 1787, but also by some as the first state in using technology."First State in Space Exploration" because of her contribution to space.</text>
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<text> "Today it's more important than ever to extend a hand to the next generation. During the lifetimes of (our) children, interplanetary travel will become a realityΓÇöthey'll hear a human voice speak from Mars. They'll live in a global economy and know the intense competition certain to go with it. To help our kids succeed, America must increase its rate of discovery and invention. That's what Space Station Freedom is all about. It will be a scientific laboratory on the edge of space, a way station to permanent lunar settlements, a staging base for an expediton to Mars. "We believe America must lead in space research and exploration. It's important to the nation now, and vital to the next generation." McDonald Douglas in St. Louis, Missouri is leading this endeavor for our kids.(Boeing Advertisement which appeared in "The Citizen," February 28, 1990.)</text>
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<text> Hernando de Soto explored Arkansas for Spain in the year 1541. Then came Marquette and Jolliet exploring the territory for France one hundred and thirty-two years later. Ten years after that came La Salle. And only four years after La Salle the first outpost was founded by Henri de Tonti on the Arkansas River. The expeditions were courageous forays into the wilderness, but the outpost really birthed the land of Arkansas. To visit is noteworthy, but to stay gives birth to a territory. It will require greater courage to man an outpost on the Moon or Mars than that required by Apollo crews to visit for a few days. If a lunar outpost is to wait some one hundred and forty-six years after Neil Armstrong's 1969 walk on the Moon, humanity will have stepped back from the courageous forefathers who settled Arkansas. Comparing the technology of La Salle's day to ours, with regard to new world versus extraterrestrial exploration, called for a Lunar Outpost ten years ago. </text>
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<text>John Kennedy inspired the birth of manned space exploration beyond Earth orbit. The same kind of inspiration is needed if we are to continue to reach out into the solar system. If we are to gain the credit that Kennedy said belongs "to the man actually in the arena whose face is marred by dust, and sweat, and blood...who knows the great enthusiasm...the great call to duty...and spends himself in a worthy cause. Who at best if he wins knows the thrill of high achievement, and if he fails, at least he fails while daring greatly...His place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who know neither victory nor defeat." </text>
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<text>Calvin Coolidge said of Vermont in 1928, "I love Vermont because of her hills and valleys, her scenery, and invigorating climate, but most of all because of her indomitable people." Vermont's history exemplifies those people, beginning with Ethan Allen's Green Mountain Boys, a band of individuals who saw a wrong and attempted to fight for justice, to John Dewey whose philosophical views helped man understand himself for the benefit of the common good. And now Vermont leads in striking out for clean air and preservation of our environment. The cause of space exploration for the common good, the general welfare, and the benefit of all of humanity, needs the Vermont kind of spirit. A space program that focuses on tangible benefits for our world and nation is a Vermont kind of program: a program which solves environmental problems from a space view with antipollution solutions resulting from space technology. </text>
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<text>There is a lesson represented by Custer's defeat at Little Big Horn. "The Calvary ain't comin'." Somehow, tradition has it that we can hope for a rescue force to save us from the status quo. Old John Wayne movies depict the plight of the settler moving west under attack by indians.When peril was greatest, the bugler could be heard in the distance, leading the calvary to rescue the frontiersmen who were under attack.Unfortunately, this is an unrepresentative fairy tale with regard to space exploration. No sudden space advocate like John F. Kennedy is likely to emerge blowing a bugle to rescue us from the perils of the USSR political system by rallying us to be first on Mars. The 1990s require individual space exploration initiative like that shown by early South Dakota settlers who didn't count on the calvary, but on their own efforts to strike out for and settle the new frontier. </text>
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<text>Courageous explorers who visited the Washington territory included Sir Francis Drake in 1579, Capt. James Cook in 1778, and Lewis and Clark in their expediton at the Columbia River in 1805. But those who had the greatest impact were more than explorers. The greatest courage is held by those who do not simply visit, but choose to stay. Among these were two groups, those motivated by religious purposes like the settlers led by missionary Marcus Whitman who came to Walla Walla in 1836 and merchants (business men) like the Boston merchant Captain Robert Gray who began a trade in sea otter pelts. Likewise, space exporation will one day treasure those who came to the Moon and Mars to stay, the future Marcus Whitmans and Captain Grays. Yes, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin will be the historic spacemen, but the settlers will make space exploration a lasting reality.* John W. Wright, "The Universal Almanac," Andrews and McMeel, 1989. p. 155.* "The Universal Almanac", John W. Wright) </text>
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<text>Mark Twain said of Hawaii, "The loveliest fleet of islands that lies anchored in any ocean." And yet, it was at this beautiful site that World War II began for the United States. From this land rose an armada of ships which conquered the seas of the Pacific in four years. Hawaii's men and women played a role for which all Americans should be thankful. Hawaii was on the "front line," exposed to the enemy, fighting a freedom fight. But Hawaii received an award for her valiant efforts. Because of air travel advanced by military and aeronautics research, an outgrowth of World War II, commercial jets made Hawaii the garden spot of the Pacific for both Americans and Asians. Where once Japan and America fought, there is now a thriving economy, nourished by both powers through investment. And, perhaps, one day space travel will do for the Moon what jet travel has done for Hawaii. </text>
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<text> Baseball's Babe Ruth, the Sultan of Swat, was a native of Maryland whose immortalized through the story told of his promise to hit a home run for a hospitalized boy. Babe pointed his bat toward center field, indicating where he will hit his homer for the bedridden lad. After two strikes, the count three and two, the pitch was thrown; the crowd was hushed as Babe's bat met the ball head-on sending a towering shot toward center field. The climbing white spheroid sails over the upper deck of center field out of the ball park. The space advocates of today are pointing their bats toward the Moon and Mars for the youth of America. Our kids are rooting for our space program so that it will launch a towering shot, not toward Yankee Stadium's Center Field, but toward the planets.</text>
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<text>Colorado's heritage speaks to the challenges faced by those advocating manned exploration of the planets. Colorado, though rich in natural resources, was far removed from centers of population so that only the inventive, courageous, and adventurous would delve into Colorado's riches. Without plentiful supplies of water and with "thin air" due to its altitude, Denver and Colorado faced unique challenges which handicapped development. Were it not for the forward looking men and women who chose Colorado as their homes, Colorado's riches would remain untapped. And those who will settle the Moon and Mars will face much greater handicaps. However, who can foresee what riches might be found that will make the handicaps seem insignificant in light of the ultimate mineral rewards.</text>
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<text>Though Nevada was first explored by Europeans in the year 1776, no one came to plant a town or permanent settlement until 75 years later. The barren landscape discouraged settlers until the discovery of the Comstock Lode in 1859 brought hundreds of settlers to Nevada.* We can learn something of space exploration from Nevada's example. While there were those brave pioneer explorers who first visited the Moon in 1969, most choose to ignore the barren lunarscape and return to the moon will not occur in this century. But it no doubt will be the Moon's Comstock Lode, the natural resources valuable to Earth and space exploration, that will bring the hundreds to establish colonies and, in time, cities above.* John W. Wright, "The Universal Almanac," Andrews and McMeel, 1989, p. 156.</text>
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<text>The state of Idaho holds a unique example for Lunar Exploration. Rugged terrain isolated the northern regions of Idaho from the southern, so that those in the north looked west to Washington State and those in the south to Boise. But a single linking highway, Highway 95, connected the North to the South allowing commerce to develop freely from the northern to the southern portions of Idaho. The single lifeline became a much journeyed road. And the Moon rests overhead, awaiting a similar road to its riches so that commerce can flow back and forth exploiting the resources of the rugged Lunar surface. Plans are in work to construct such a road, a new Earth to Moon transportation system, permitting a new Idaho to be settled above. It will take commitment as well as the same rugged and courageous spirit of the Idaho pioneers to bring its construction to pass.</text>
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<text>Montana is known across America as the "Big Sky Country." As one looks across the majestic mountain country and to the sky above, the Moon is seen waiting. A train of space explorers is expected to tap the Lunar resources just as the rich minerals of Montana were first mined that day in 1880 when Marcus Daly discovered copper near Butte. Montana offered hidden treasures beneath its countryside, treasures which brought settlers, settlers which brought commerce, and commerce which provided jobs and growth for the state. Looking back over the one hundred ten years of state development makes one wonder whether such a story will be told of the Moon in 2079, one hundred ten years after Armstrong and Aldrin discovered and returned the Moon's rocks for essay. What they found were oxides which can yield tons of propellants for space exploration and silicates for huge lunar solar cell power farms to sustain colonies of settlers for centuries to come. </text>
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<text> (continued from previous card)"It is for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before usΓÇöthat from these honored men and women we take increased devotion to the cause for which they gave their last full measure of devotionΓÇöthat we here highly resolve that they have not died in vain but that we continue to reach out into space with them in fulfillment of our mutual destiny." </text>
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<text>Illinois is known around the world as the "Land of Lincoln." Foremost among the talents of Abraham Lincoln was an ability to capture the spirit of an experience in his writings and speeches. His most famous speech is his Gettysburg address, given to commemorate a cemetery in honor of the war dead. A similar speech might be given in honor of our "space dead," those who gave their lives to space exploration. We might paraphase our President's remarks at Gettysburg in 1863 with these words in 1990:"It is for us the living, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they.... have thus far so nobly advanced. (continued on next card)</text>
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<text>Alaskans appreciate the possibilities offered by a new frontier. Few places on the entire Earth are more sparsely populated than the great expanse called Alaska. Yet, few regions have more resource and economic growth potential than the 49th state to join the Union. The analogy to space exploration is obvious. Alaska serves as a living example of the benefits of exploring unknown lands. Future colonies on the Moon and Mars will understand what Alaskans have faced. Even Alaska's motto, "North to the Future," speaks to the endeavor of reaching out to our solar system with human exploration expeditions. Borrowing from our 49th state's spirit, we can say, "Above, to the Future."</text>
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<text>Minnesota has two nicknames: the North Star State and the Gopher State.The future of space exploration can learn from the character of Minnesota. As the Gopher State, Minnesota is concerned with what's under her land, the precious iron ore of the Mesabi Range which has made Minnesota resources precious to our entire nation. Like the gopher, Minnesota has used her excavations to provide for her livelihood. And this same use of lunar and Mars resources will be required if space exploration is to succeed. Future space colonies must build on what's found under the soil of the Moon or Mars. But Minnesota is also nicknamed the North Star State, in part because she is progressive, looking above to the future. And so must the space program. It must look up to the North Star, and see its destiny there.</text>
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<text>Iowa's favorite son William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody had the character and vision which explorers of our solar system will need in the next century. Buffalo Bill was a scout, one who was familiar with the danger of travelling the new frontier. But as a scout he was informed. His knowledge lessoned the risk of pushing West. Our space explorers will also be scouts, taking calculated risks, but going with the same resourcefulness that Buffalo Bill exhibited. Our Mars astronauts will be brave, but they will be informed by earlier unmanned probes of the dangers of the planet. Their scouts will be the Mars Observer, the Viking Program, and the Mars Sample Return Mission. And just as William Cody scouted the West, they will scout other new frontiers of the solar system to extend our frontier to the stars.</text>
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<text> (continued from previous card)capital goods, electronic components, scientific instruments, chemicals, and business services. In addition, for every direct dollar of NASA spending in Tennessee, an additional $5 of spending will be generated indirectly (secondary sector).* * Management Information Services Report, April 1989.</text>
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<text>In Texas, they sing a patriotic song about a native of Tennessee, Frontiersman Davy Crockett..."Davy...Davy...Crockett...King of the Alamo."To Texans the Tennessee pioneer is a hero, helping to gain the Lone Star Republic's independence by courageously giving his life at the Alamo. Texas's freedom took the sacrifice of brave adventurers from other states of the Union. And so it is with space exploration. Each state contributes to reaching the new frontier in the heavens. Though Texas has the astronauts and the Mission Control Center, Tennessee contributes greatly to the NASA program. Tennessee is a state not usually associated with the space program and NASA spending. Yet, the proposed FY90 NASA procurement spending will create (directly and indirectly) 2237 jobs and generate $209 million in industry sales in the state. Goods and services produced in Tennessee are used by NASA prime contractors in their products: (continued on next card)</text>
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<text> (continued from previous card) Goods and services produced in West Virginia are used by NASA prime contractors in their products: capital goods, electronic components, scientific instruments, chemicals, and business services. In addition, for every direct dollar of NASA spending in West Virginia, more than a dollar of spending will be generated indirectly (secondary sector) because of an economic multiplier effect.* * Management Information Services Report, April 1989.</text>
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<text> Pilot Chuck Yeager, a native son of West Virginia, has contributed greatly to manned space exploration. Though he never flew in a space capsule, his deeds in high performance aircraft advanced aerospace technology which was used in placing men on the Moon. The book "The Right Stuff" showed that Yeager has just as much of that "stuff" which put men in space as any astronaut who walked on the Moon. Too often we forget men like Yeager, who were indirect trailblazers to the stars. We also are not aware of how the individual states contribute to our space program. For example, West Virginia is a state not usually associated with the space program and NASA spending. Yet, the proposed FY90 NASA procurement spending will create (directly and indirectly) in West Virginia $61 million in industry sales and 501 new jobs. (continued on next card) (Continued on next card.) </text>
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<text>Frank Lloyd Wright, one of the world's foremost architects, is a native son of Wisconsin. Wright was born in Richland Center, Wisconsin in 1869 and lived 90 years, dying in 1959. His life spanned nearly a century of our nation's history. He saw the birth of aviation. He read of his namesakes, the Wright brothers, making history with their 1903 flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Wright died not long after the space program began with the Russian's 1957 launching of Sputnik. Wright's architecture often used natural materials in an advanced state-of-the-art way. His type of creativity will be required if we are to colonize the Moon, Mars, and the planets. For we must use that which is found in situΓÇöwe cannot bring building materials with us. The architects of extraterrestrial bases will require a measure of Frank Lloyd Wright's genius and, perhaps, they may borrow from his designs.</text>
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<text>South Carolina has birthed many notable statesmen, politicians, and diplomats. Men who placed the interest of our country above their personal desires. Among these famous South Carolinians are President Andrew Jackson, politician John C. Calhoun, army officer and politician Francis Marion, diplomats Charles C. Pickney and Thomas Pickney, and Strom Thurmond. For Americans to set foot on Mars, it will take presidential leadership like Andrew Jackson's, the diplomatic gifts of the Pinckney brothers, and the political savy which Senator Strom Thurmond has shown in Congress. If Lyndon Johnson had not succeeded President John Kennedy, one wonders if we would have put astronauts on the Moon. JFK had the vision, but LBJ had the ability to persuade Congress to make John Kennedy's dream a reality. So it will be with humans on Mars. It will require both vision and shirtsleeve diplomacy. </text>
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<text>Among the states, Maine is unique; perhaps, only the people of Alaska can appreciate the rugged individualism required by those who have contributed to the growth of Maine's economy and culture. Because of the challenge of the natural elements: rugged coasts, dark forests, harsh unforgiving winters, Maine's people have developed a resourceful but independent temperament. Perhaps, they are a prototype of the kind of person who will be best suited for colonization of the solar system. It has been said that Maine has an "end of the line feel." That is to say, there is no one to count on but oneself for thriving and, perhaps, even surviving. This will certainly be the atmosphere of any base established on the Moon or Mars. But if those who pioneered the state of Maine could succeed in building a thriving commerce and respected culture, so can those who will explore our solar system.</text>
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<text>Though America has experienced a trend to bigger cities and centraliza-tion of population in metropolitan areas, the space program is helping to reverse the trend. As people moved from the farm to small towns and from small towns to cities, much was lost. Among the losses were the traditional family values that small towns encouraged through a spirit of working together in a supportive community. Now, because of the explosion of communication and computer technology brought forth by space spending, America is finding that it is possible to return to the small towns. Fast and flexible private mail services, computer hook-ups on home phone lines, satellite TV, and even the VCR and video conferences make it possible to be hundreds of miles from a city and still compete with businesses there. No longer is North Dakota a remote northern state. Businesses can move to her smaller cities and thrive.</text>
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<text>When the first mission of the Apollo mothership, the Command Module, was launched to test its performance, it was a New Jersey born astronaut who was mission commander, Wally Schirra, Jr. (Hackensack). And when the first mission of the Lunar Module, the craft that would land on the Moon, was launched to test its performance, it was a New Jersey born astronaut who served as the Lunar Module pilot, Rusty Schweickart (Neptune, NJ). Finally, when the first two men left the mothership in the Lunar Module Eagle to be the first men to land on the Moon, it was a New Jersey born astronaut who served as the Lunar Module pilot, Ed "Buzz" Aldrin (Montclair, NJ). No state among America's fifty states had its astronauts play a greater role in man's landing on the Moon than New Jersey. </text>
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<text>The 1803 purchase of Louisiana from France was controversial. The 1990s debate over funding of the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) Program, which includes a return to the Moon and a voyage to Mars, is much less controversial. Those of the 20th century who speak for SEI could argue in the same fashion that Jefferson debated the anti-expan-sion Federalists of 1803. He foretold enormous benefits for America with the purchase of a territory which would double the nation's size for a paltry $15 million dollars. Today, Louisiana alone produces a GNP of more than $70 billion dollars. Like the Federalists, those opposed to vigorous space exploration want America to reduce a program which could expand America's size not double, but almost infinitely. One trip to Mars wouldn't just double America's size, but expand our Earth to a second planet, making the 1803 purchase appear modest indeed. </text>
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<script>on mouseuprepeat with y = 1 to 100set cursor to busyglobal t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6,t7,t8,t9,t10,t11,t12,t13,t14,t15,¬t16,t17,t18,t19,t20,t21,t22,t23,t24,t25,t26,t27,t28,t29,t30,¬t31,t32,t33,t34,t35,t36,t37,t38,t39,t40,t41,t42,t43,t44global t0, x, r,hat,straw,buff1,buff2,count1,count2,¬t45,t46,t47,t48,t49,t50,t51,t52,t53,t54,t55,t56,t57,t58,t59,t60find whole t0get the resultif count1>=3 and it is not empty thenput the number of this card into hatput the foundchunk into buff1show message boxflash 2exit mouseupelseif it is not empty thenadd 1 to count1add 1 to xput "t"&x into rset lockscreen to truego to "State/Narrative/Response"send "mouseup" to button "GlobalFind"elseput the number of this card into hatput the foundchunk into buff1exit mouseupend ifend ifend repeatend mouseupon enterkeyglobal t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6,t7,t8,t9,t10,t11,t12,t13,t14,t15,¬t16,t17,t18,t19,t20,t21,t22,t23,t24,t25,t26,t27,t28,t29,t30,¬t31,t32,t33,t34,t35,t36,t37,t38,t39,t40,t41,t42,t43,t44global t0,x,r,hat,straw,buff1,buff2,count1,count2,t45,t46,t47,¬t48,t49,t50,t51,t52,t53,t54,t55,t56,t57,t58,t59,t60hide message boxfind whole t0put 0 into count1put the number of this card into strawput the foundchunk into buff2if straw = hat and buff1 = buff2 thenadd 1 to xput "t"&x into rset lockscreen to truego to "State/Narrative/Response"send "mouseup" to button "GlobalFind"end ifend enterkey</script>
</part>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>With regard to NASA's budget, the relationship between California and Texas and the United States is much like the relationship between those who fought at the Alamo and those California settlers who won the battle of Sonoma defeating the Mexican forces to form the Bear Creek Republic. Unable to ultimately defeat Mexico's tyranny alone, Californians and Texans joined forces with the United States in the war with Mexico. Similarly, the aerospace teams from both states now must join together to encourage Congress and the rest of America to provide generous funding for a space program, which will provide an economic victory in the world's space arena. </text>
.iso/pc/programs/mac/stnsprtn.hqx/STATE_INSPIRATION_RESP./BMAP_3196.png){kind=link}
.iso/pc/programs/mac/stnsprtn.hqx/STATE_INSPIRATION_RESP./PATs.png){kind=link}